ECOTOX

TRIALS FOR TERRESTIAL ECOTOXICOLOGY

Pollinators (GEP/GLP)

Apis mellifera

Acute oral and contact test

OECD 213/214. EPPO 170 (4), EPA 850.3020
Endpoint: mortality for short time exposure, up to 48 hrs.
Limit test (One single dose), Dose response test (5 dose levels to determine LR50).

Chronic feeding tests

OECD 245.
Endpoint: effects on bees after 10 days exposure period.
LC50, LDD50, NOEC and NOEDD are calculated.

Residual toxicity

OPPTS 850.3030.
Endpoint: Effects from different aged residue on foliage.

Larval toxicity test

OECD 237.
Endpoint: Mortality of larvae after a 72 hours application.
LD50 is calculated.

Bee brood study

OECD 75, Oomen et al.1992.
Endpoint: Impact on brood development (eggs and larvae).

Open field, greenhouse or tunnel test

EPPO 170(4), OECD 75.
Endpoint: mortality and behavior at long-term effects. (Brood status, colony health, foraging behavior)

Semi field brood test

OECD 75.
Mortality, flying activity and effects on the colonies (brood status)

Bombus spp.

Acute oral and contact test

OECD 246/247.
Endpoint: mortality for short time exposure, up to 48 hrs.
Limit test (One single dose), Dose response test (5 dose levels to determine LD50)

Residual toxicity

OPPTS 850.3030.
Enpoint: Mortality at different aged residue intervals on foliage.

Greenhouse or tunnel test

EPPO 170(4) adapted.
Endpoint: mortality and behavior at long-term period effects (brood status, colony health, foraging behavior)

Field test

EPPO 170.
Mortality, flying activity and effects on the colonies (brood status)

Non target arthropods (GEP/GLP)

Aphidius rhopalosiphi

Mead-Briggs et al. IOBC (2000) and Mead-Briggs et al. IOBC (2009)

Limit test (One single dose) or Dose response test (5 dose levels to determine LR50, NOER and LOER).

Tier I: lethal and sub-lethal effects (mortality and reproduction capacity of the wasps) are assessed on artificial treated substrate (glass plates) under environmentally controlled conditions.

Tier II: lethal and sub-lethal effects (mortality and reproduction capacity of the wasps) are assessed on treated plants under environmentally controlled conditions.

Aged residue tests: Duration of the effects of PPP is assessed at several aging periods under field and/or semi-field conditions.

Chrysoperla carnea

Vogt et al. IOBC (2000)

Limit test (One single dose) or Dose response test (5 dose levels to determine LR50, NOER and LOER).

Tier I: lethal and sub-lethal effects (mortality and reproduction capacity of the lacewings) are assessed on artificial treated substrate (glass plates) under environmentally controlled conditions.

Tier II: lethal and sub-lethal effects (mortality and reproduction capacity of the lacewings) are assessed on treated plants under environmentally controlled conditions.

Aged residue tests: Duration of the effects of PPP is assessed at several aging periods under field and/or semi-field conditions.

Coccinella septempunctata

Schmuck et al. IOBC (2000).

Limit test (One single dose) or Dose response test (5 dose levels to determine LR50, NOER and LOER).

Tier I: lethal and sub-lethal effects (mortality and reproduction capacity of the ladybirds) are assessed on artificial treated substrate (glass plates) under environmentally controlled conditions.

Tier II: lethal and sub-lethal effects (mortality and reproduction capacity of the ladybirds) are assessed on treated plants under environmentally controlled conditions.

Aged residue tests: Duration of the effects of PPP is assessed at several aging periods under field and/or semi-field conditions.

Orius laevigatus

Bakker et al. IOBC (2000)

Limit test (One single dose) or Dose response test (5 dose levels to determine LR50, NOER and LOER)

Tier I: lethal and sub-lethal effects (mortality and reproduction capacity of the bugs) are assessed on artificial treated substrate (glass plates) under environmentally controlled conditions.

Tier II: lethal and sub-lethal effects (mortality and reproduction capacity of the bugs) are assessed on treated plants under environmentally controlled conditions.

Aged residue tests: Duration of the effects of PPP is assessed at several aging periods under field and/or semi-field conditions

Typhlodromus pyri

Blümel et al. IOBC (2000)

Limit test (One single dose) or Dose response test (5 dose levels to determine LR50, NOER and LOER).

Tier I: lethal and sub-lethal effects (mortality and reproduction capacity of the mites) are assessed on artificial treated substrate (glass plates) under environmentally controlled conditions.

Tier II: lethal and sub-lethal effects (mortality and reproduction capacity of the mites) are assessed on treated plants under environmentally controlled conditions.

Aged residue tests: Duration of the effects of PPP is assessed at several aging periods under field and/or semi-field conditions.

Amblyseius swirskii

Blümel et al. IOBC (2000) Limit test (One single dose) or Dose response test (5 dose levels to determine LR50).

Tier I: lethal and sub-lethal effects (mortality and reproduction capacity of the mites) are assessed on artificial treated substrate (glass plates) under environmentally controlled conditions.

Tier II: lethal and sub-lethal effects (mortality and reproduction capacity of the mites) are assessed on treated plants under environmentally controlled conditions.

Aged residue tests: Duration of the effects of PPP is assessed at several aging periods under field and/or semi-field conditions.

Eisenia foetida

OECD 207 and OECD 222.

Limit test (One single dose) or Dose response test (8 dose levels to determine LR50, LOER and NOER).

Acute toxicity: determine the acute toxicity of a substance to earthworm after 7 and 14 days of exposure.

Effects on reproduction, mortality and growth: Mortality and weight development are assessed 4 weeks. The offspring is exposed another 4 weeks until a total exposure period of 8 weeks is reached.

Folsomia candida

OECD 232

Limit test (One single dose) or Dose response test (5 dose levels to determine LR50).

Tier I: lethal and sub-lethal effects (mortality and reproduction capacity of the mites) are assessed on artificial treated substrate (glass plates) under environmentally controlled conditions.

Tier II: lethal and sub-lethal effects (mortality and reproduction capacity of the mites) are assessed on treated plants under environmentally controlled conditions.

Aged residue tests: Duration of the effects of PPP is assessed at several aging periods under field and/or semi-field conditions.

Hypoaspis aculeifer

OECD 226

Limit test (One single dose) or Dose response test (5 dose levels to determine LR50 and NOEC).

Tier I: lethal and sub-lethal effects (mortality and reproduction capacity of the mites) are assessed on artificial treated substrate (glass plates) under environmentally controlled conditions.

Tier II: lethal and sub-lethal effects (mortality and reproduction capacity of the mites) are assessed on treated plants under environmentally controlled conditions.

Aged residue tests: Duration of the effects of PPP is assessed at several aging periods under field and/or semi-field conditions.

Other arthropods

Psyttalia concolor
Aphytis melinus
Anagyrus pseudococci
Macrolophus caliginosus
Anthocoris nemoralis
Cryptolaemus montouzieri
Adalia bipunctata
Nesidiocoris tenuis
Neoseiulus californicus
Phytoseiulus persimilis

Inventories
Candolfi et al 2000.

Evaluation of the treatment effect on arthropod community using the appropriate sampling methods for each taxon level.

Non target plants (GLP)

Effects on emergence and early growth.

OECD 208
Limit test (One single dose) or Dose response test (5 dose levels to determine EC50)
Endpoint: Toxicity effects to plant seeds.

Effects on vegetative vigour.

OECD 227.
Limit test (One single dose) or Dose response test (5 dose levels to determine EC50)
Endpoint: Toxicity effects to young plants.